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Consensus Finality

The point at which a transaction or block is considered permanently, irreversibly settled.

Consensus finality is the point at which a network's consensus rules consider a transaction or block permanently settled and effectively irreversible under normal operation, as distinct from a transaction that's merely included but could still theoretically be reorganized away.

Different networks achieve finality differently — some offer probabilistic finality that strengthens with more confirmations, others offer a more absolute, single-block finality through their specific consensus design.

Examples

  • A network with fast, absolute finality doesn't require waiting through multiple confirmations for certainty.
  • Probabilistic finality strengthens gradually as more confirmations accumulate.

Learn more

Guide

Understanding Finality in Blockchain Networks

Read the full guide

Concept

Finality Gadget

Read the Finality Gadget glossary definition

Related

BFT Consensus Beyond Proof of Work vs. Proof of Stake: Tendermint, HotStuff, and Avalanche Compared

Read the research article

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